Did you know that

T cells, also known as T lymphocytes, are a specialized type of white blood cell that are a fundamental part of the adaptive immune system. They originate in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus, where they acquire the ability to recognize specific antigens presented by other immune cells, such as macrophages or dendritic cells, through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). These cells play a crucial role in the body's defense against viruses, parasites, and tumor cells. Their main function can be divided into several actions: cytotoxic T lymphocytes directly destroy infected or cancerous cells; helper T lymphocytes coordinate and modulate the immune response by releasing cytokines that activate other cells in the immune system; and regulatory T lymphocytes prevent excessive immune responses and prevent autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, memory T cells enable a rapid and effective response to future exposures to the same pathogens, which underlies long-term immunity and the effectiveness of vaccines. The use of T cells in medicine and biotechnology holds very promising prospects. Their ability to recognize and eliminate infected or tumor cells has driven innovations in cancer immunotherapy, where personalized treatments are designed that enhance the action of cytotoxic T cells to attack tumors. The discovery and characterization of regulatory T cells, which control the intensity of the immune response, has opened new avenues for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and for improving organ transplantation by preventing rejection. Furthermore, the development of vaccines based on the generation of memory T cells optimizes protection against recurrent or emerging infections.
Research on T cells continues to be a fundamental pillar for advancing innovative immunological therapies that improve human health.