The Methodological Choice Between Traditional Approaches and Machine Learning in Public Health

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Abstract

In the field of biostatistics, there is a methodological debate surrounding the distinction between two main purposes of modeling: explanatory models and predictive models.

This paper briefly explores the two fundamental paradigms underlying modeling in public health: one focused on knowledge generation and the other on the development and validation of technologies for informed decision-making.  It also provides an approach to predictive modeling in clinical practice using machine learning.  Examples in R code, which are useful for implementing similar problems, are also included.

Keywords: causal inference; diagnostic models; prognostic models; technologies for informed decision-making.

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Published

2026-01-02

How to Cite

1.
Monzón Pérez M. The Methodological Choice Between Traditional Approaches and Machine Learning in Public Health. RCIM [Internet]. 2026 Jan. 2 [cited 2026 Jan. 3];18:e879. Available from: https://revinformatica.sld.cu/index.php/rcim/article/view/879

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Section

Short Communications